Meta & Fysikken

1) Jordens Magnetfelt
2) Mennesker påvirker Jordens massefordeling og dermed magnetfeltet
3) Plastik
4) Temperaturen for 2025 er kommet ind
5) Astronauts return early (a non story?)
6) JWST black hole ripping through space:
7) Solformørkelse i Spanien

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1:
Magnetisk Nord pol vandrer:

https://www.sciencealert.com/earths-magnetic-north-pole-is-officially-moving-scientists-just-updated-its-location
Earth's Magnetic North Pole Is Officially Moving – Scientists Just Updated Its Location : ScienceAlert

Jordens magnetfelt har en Anomali:
https://www.sciencealert.com/vast-anomaly-in-earths-magnetic-field-keeps-growing-satellites-reveal
Vast Anomaly in Earth's Magnetic Field Keeps Growing, Satellites Reveal : ScienceAlert

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2)
Humanity Has Dammed So Much Water It's Shifted Earth's Magnetic Poles : ScienceAlert
https://www.sciencealert.com/humanity-has-dammed-so-much-water-its-shifted-earths-magnetic-poles

As we trap water behind dams, not only does it remove water from the oceans, thus leading to a global sea level fall, it also distributes mass in a different way around the world.
Extra weight added to a spinning sphere pulls the weighted part towards the equator, shifting the axis around which the sphere spins. So, redistributing Earth's surface weight re-orientates its spin axis, whether that be through damming water, melting glaciers, or groundwater removal.
But it's only Earth's outer crust floating over its gooey inner parts – not the inner goo generating the magnetic field – that shift, leading to a different part of Earth's surface sitting over our planet's inner magnetic north.
So, while north itself hasn't really moved in space, Earth's surface has shifted around, over the top of it. This phenomenon is called true polar wander.

https://www.sciencealert.com/earths-flipping-magnetic-field-heard-as-a-sound-is-an-unnerving-horror

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Plastik
The primary source of plastic is
fossil fuels, specifically crude oil and natural gas. Over 99% of plastic is produced from these non-renewable hydrocarbon sources, which are refined into monomers like ethylene and propylene, and then polymerized into plastic materials

3) Jagten på det nye plastik
https://interestingengineering.com/science/biodegradable-plastic-made-from-bamboo

Plastik fra Avokado sten:
https://worldbiomarketinsights.com/biofase-develops-biopolymers-from-avocado-pits/

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4)
In 2025, the global average surface temperature was approximately 1.44∘C-
1.47∘C
above the pre-industrial (1850–1900) level. It was confirmed as the third-warmest year on record, trailing behind 2024 and 2023 despite the cooling influence of a La Niña pattern.

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5) Astronauts return early

https://www.sciencealert.com/nasa-brings-astronauts-home-early-after-unprecedented-medical-issue-in-space?

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6) JWST black hole ripping through space:

https://www.sciencealert.com/jwst-confirms-first-runaway-supermassive-black-hole-tearing-through-space

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7) Solformørkelse i Spanien. Man kan komme på rejse med Michael Linden Vørnle

https://smilrejser.dk/spanien/solformoerkelse-i-spanien-med-astrofysiker-michael-linden-voernle

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2: Tysklands største Hydrogen fabrik:
Germany's largest commercial renewable hydrogen factory is the 10 MW plant in Schwäbisch Gmünd, opened by Lhyfe in October 2025. The facility can produce up to 4 tons of renewable hydrogen per day and is Lhyfe's largest outside of France.While it's the largest operational commercial plant, there are larger-scale projects planned for the future in Germany, such as a 130 MW plant planned for Prenzlau by ENERTRAG.
https://engineerine.com/largest-green-hydrogen-plant/
https://www.lhyfe.com/press/lhyfe-inaugurates-germanys-largest-commercial-renewable-hydrogen-production-site-in-baden-wurttemberg-to-distribute-rfnbo-certified-hydrogen-to-a-range-of-players/
A green hydrogen factory is good for the climate because it can be produced using renewable energy, with zero greenhouse gas emissions, and can replace fossil fuels in sectors that are hard to electrify, like heavy industry. When used in a fuel cell, hydrogen only releases water vapor and warm air, making it a clean energy carrier that can also store and deliver renewable energy.
#
Hydrogen Fuel Cell makes electricity directly. They also produce water vapor, heat and, depending on the fuel source, very small amounts of nitrogen dioxide and other emissions.
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3: Skrumpende havis
https://nyheder.tv2.dk/klima/2025-10-21-skrumpende-havis-er-katastrofe-men-kan-have-fordel
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4: Kelp farming in Norway
https://www.dnv.com/news/2024/new-seaweed-farm-off-the-norwegian-coast-seeks-to-remove-co2-from-the-atmosphere-252006/
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5: Canada og mos:
https://greencitysolutions.de/en/increasing-biodiversity-for-cities-with-moss/#:~:text=Increasing%20Biodiversity%20with%20Moss%20in,or%20fully%20greened%20on%20request

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6: Energi fra Vulkaner:
https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-unveil-radical-plan-to-drill-into-a-volcano-for-near-unlimited-energy
Iøvrigt:
7: Vulkanudbrud i Afrika
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/hayli-gubbi-volcano-erupts-in-ethiopia-for-first-time-in-more-than-12-000/
Volcanic activity has both short-term cooling and long-term warming effects. Volcanic eruptions can release gases like sulfur dioxide (\(SO_\)), which create aerosols that reflect sunlight and cause temporary global cooling, as seen after the Mount Pinatubo eruption. However, volcanoes also release carbon dioxide (\(CO_\)), a greenhouse gas that contributes to warming, though the amount from volcanoes is significantly less than human-generated \(CO_\). Short-term cooling effects Sulfuric acid aerosols: Eruptions inject sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, where it reacts with water to form tiny sulfuric acid droplets.Reflection of sunlight: These aerosols act like a global "umbrella," reflecting incoming solar radiation back into space and causing a temporary cooling effect that can last for several years.Examples: The 1991 Pinatubo eruption caused a global cooling of about \(0.5^ C\) for a year, and the 1815 Tambora eruption led to "the year without a summer" in 1816. Long-term warming effects Carbon dioxide (\(CO_\)): Volcanoes release \(CO_\), a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.Minor contribution: The \(CO_\) emitted by volcanoes is a very small fraction of the total greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, with human activities being the dominant source. For example, the \(CO_\) from the Pinatubo eruption was only about half of what humans produce in two days

Vi tager endnu en runde med universelt stof! Hvad sker der i rummet lige for tiden?
1: 3I/Atlas
2: Sten fra Mars
3: Temporary Moon
4: Sattelite made out of wood
5: Starship
6: Store tal
7: Enhederne meter og sekund
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1: 3I/Atlas
NASA deler første fotos af 3I/ATLAS: Ikke rumvæsener
https://videnskab.dk/rummet/nasa-deler-foerste-fotos-af-3i-atlas-ikke-rumvaesener/

NASA press release 19.11.25:

ESA:
https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2025/12/Comet_3I_ATLAS_shows_activity_in_Juice_navigation_camera_teaser
ESA - Comet 3I/ATLAS shows activity in Juice navigation camera teaser

During November 2025, ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (Juice) used five of its science instruments to observe 3I/ATLAS. The instruments collected information about how the comet is behaving and what it is made of.

In addition, Juice snapped the comet with its onboard Navigation Camera (NavCam), designed not as a high-resolution science camera, but to help Juice navigate Jupiter’s icy moons following arrival in 2031.

Though the data from the science instruments won’t arrive on Earth until February 2026, our Juice team couldn’t wait that long. They decided to try downloading just a quarter of a single NavCam image to see what was in store for them. The very clearly visible comet, surrounded by signs of activity, surprised them.

Not only do we clearly see the glowing halo of gas surrounding the comet known as its coma, we also see a hint of two tails. The comet’s ‘plasma tail’ – made up of electrically charged gas, stretches out towards the top of the frame. We may also be able to see a fainter ‘dust tail’ – made up of tiny solid particles – stretching to the lower left of the frame.
The image was taken on 2 November 2025, during Juice’s first slot for observing 3I/ATLAS. It was two days before Juice’s closest approach to the comet, which occurred on 4 November at a distance of about 66 million km.
We expect to receive the data from the five scientific instruments switched on during the observations – JANUS, MAJIS, UVS, SWI and PEP – on 18 and 20 February 2026. The delay is because Juice is currently using its main high-gain antenna as a heat shield to protect it from the Sun, leaving its smaller medium-gain antenna to send data back to Earth at a much lower rate.
Though Juice was further from 3I/ATLAS than our Mars orbiters were back in October, it observed 3I/ATLAS just after the comet’s closest approach to the Sun, meaning that it was in a more active state. We expect to see clearer signs of this activity in the data from the science instruments. This includes not only images from JANUS – Juice’s high-resolution optical camera – but also spectrometry data from MAJIS and UVS, composition data from SWI, and particle data from PEP.

ESA - ESA’s ExoMars and Mars Express observe comet 3I/ATLAS

We have an update on 3I/ATLAS!
Until September, figuring out the location and trajectory of 3I/ATLAS relied on Earth-based telescopes. Then between 1 and 7 October, our ExoMars TGO turned its eyes towards the interstellar comet from its orbit around Mars. The comet passed relatively close to Mars, approaching to about 29 million km during its closest phase on 3 October.
The Mars probe observed the comet from a new viewing angle. The triangulation of its data with data from Earth helped to make the comet’s predicted path much more accurate. The result was an impressive ten-fold leap in accuracy, reducing the uncertainty of the object’s location.
Because 3I/ATLAS is passing through our Solar System fast, travelling with speeds up to 250 000 km/h, it will soon vanish into interstellar space, never to return.
The comet is currently being observed with our Juice spacecraft.
Though Juice is farther from 3I/ATLAS than the Mars orbiters were last month, it is seeing the comet just after its closest approach to the Sun, when it is in a more active state. We don’t expect to receive data from Juice’s observations until February 2026.
Komet Kalender:

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2: Sten fra Mars:
https://www.sciencealert.com/curiosity-cracked-open-a-rock-on-mars-and-revealed-a-big-surprise
Curiosity Cracked Open a Rock on Mars And Revealed a Big Surprise : ScienceAlert

https://phys.org/news/2025-12-evidence-driven-climate-mars-jezero.html
Evidence of rain-driven climate on Mars found in bleached rocks scattered in Jezero crater
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3: Temporary Moon
Earth currently has a temporary moon, an asteroid designated 2025 PN7, that is in a quasi-satellite orbit. It is not permanently bound to Earth like the main Moon, but rather shares Earth's orbit around the Sun, occasionally entering our planet's gravitational influence for several decades before drifting away again. Earth has had other temporary "mini-moons" in the past, and this is not expected to be the last.
About 2025 PN7 : Size: The asteroid is between 18 to 36 meters wide, or about the size of a building.
Orbit: It orbits the Sun but has been temporarily captured by Earth's gravity and is expected to remain a quasi-moon until about 2083.
Distance: It does not get as close as the regular Moon, swinging between 4 and 17 million kilometers away from Earth (Moon is 384400 km away, so between 10 and 44 Lunar distances)
2025 PN7 - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_PN7
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4: Satelite made out of wood:
https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/ESA_flying_payloads_on_wooden_satellite
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5: Starship
A: can get us really fast to Uranus:
https://phys.org/news/2025-10-starship-uranus.html
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B: Starship og kapløb med Kina
https://videnskab.dk/rummet/starship-10-opsendt-med-succes-alligevel-faar-usa-svaert-ved-at-naa-til-maanen-foer-kina/

ældre artikel:
https://videnskab.dk/rummet/spacex-raketten-starship-10-er-eksploderet-faar-store-konsekvenser-for-amerikansk-maanelanding/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=vores-nyhedsbrev

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6: Store tal
For at forstå store tal er det nogen gange meget godt at omregne det til noget andet.
1 * 10^6 sekunder = 11.5 dage
1 * 10^9 sekunder= 31.7 år
1 * 10^12 sekunder = 31 710 år
Så kan vi måske forstå hvor meget forskel der er på en millonær og en millardær. Trillionær burde ikke eksistere.
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7: Enhederne meter og sekund
Generelt kom jeg til at tænke på enheder.
Meter:

Historical definition:
Historically, a meter was defined as one ten-millionth of the distance from the North Pole to the equator along the Prime Meridian.
In 1960 the metre was thus defined in the SI system as equal to 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of the orange-red line in the spectrum of the krypton-86 atom in a vacuum.
It is currently defined as the distance light travels in a vacuum in \(1/299,792,458\) of a second.
Second:
A second is
the base unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), defined as the time it takes for a cesium-133 atom to undergo 9,192,631,770 hyperfine transitions in its ground state when oscillating at a specific microwave frequency.
This precise atomic definition provides a universal standard for time, making it a fixed and consistent unit for the entire world, unlike older definitions based on Earth's rotation which can fluctuate. A second can also refer to an ordinal number meaning "after first"
The old definition of a second was
of a mean solar day. This definition was used until the mid-20th century, when it was replaced because the Earth's rotation is not constant, making the length of a solar day slightly variable. An earlier, less formal definition was based on dividing the hour into 60 parts, each of which was called a "minute," and then dividing that into 60 parts to get a "second," as the ancient Babylonians originally did
(Rabbit hole: The Babylonian number system was a sexagesimal (base-60) system that used only two symbols: a vertical wedge for one (1) and a corner wedge for ten (10). It was a positional system where the value of a symbol depended on its position, with each place representing a power of 60, similar to how our base-10 system uses powers of 10. The system lacked a true zero for a placeholder initially, creating ambiguity, but later added a symbol for this purpose. )
Min pointe: Vores m og s var (er) defineret efter jorden og vores omløb. Enheden m/s er derfor Jordens enhed.
Lysets hastighed i vacuum er en universel konstant, men en Alien vil 100% have en anden enhed end os. Også selvom at vi har fundet bedre naturkonstanter til at definere m og s ud fra.

Vi tager lige en status på klimaet, her Oktober 2025.

1: Ocean Warming
2: Koralrev
3:Tipping Points
4: Permafrost i Rusland
5: Hvad gør vi med den CO2 vi indfanger?
6: Fuel Cells / Green Hydrogen plant
7: Kelp Farming in Norway
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1 : Ocean warming :
https://www.sciencealert.com/ocean-warming-threatens-microbe-that-makes-nearly-a-third-of-earths-oxygen
Jeff Berardelli (meterolog USA):
It's hard to overstate just how off the charts warm the Pacific is right now. The swath of the basin from California to Japan (a HUGE area) from 25N to 60N is ~3F (1.6C) above normal. To put it into math terms that is 6 Sigma/ standard deviations above the mean. I won't bother calculating the chances of this happening against the late 20th century climate - let alone the pre-industrial climate - because the numbers would show it simply could never happen without global warming.
So let's talk about why this is happening. Since the last El Nino a couple of years ago the ocean has been rearranging its warm/cool water, as it typically does as a normal part of it's natural oscillation. (This summer a record ridge/ heat dome was parked over the N Pacific).
But each next time this configuration lines up (warm north Pacific/ cool tropical Pacific) it piles on a higher and higher baseline temperature over time due to greenhouse warming, air pollution reduction, and the feedbacks (clouds & direct insolation) of both. So we end up with the bottom chart which shows the standardized anomaly (departure from normal) is sloping upward at a very unnatural and alarming rate.
2: Koralrev
https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/viden/klima/ny-rapport-det-er-saa-godt-som-uundgaaeligt-verdens-koralrev-kollapser
https://videnskab.dk/naturvidenskab/oejenaabner-genopretning-af-koraller-kan-ikke-redde-verdens-rev/
3: Tipping Points
https://videnskab.dk/naturvidenskab/tipping-points-lyder-skraemmende-men-der-er-haab-endnu/
4: Permafrost i Rusland:
https://videnskab.dk/naturvidenskab/klimabombe-i-rusland-danske-forskere-advarer-om-alvorlig-mangel-paa-viden
Også:
Eksploderende Methan gas i Siberien:
https://www.sciencealert.com/mysterious-giant-exploding-craters-in-siberia-may-finally-be-explained
5:Hvad gør vi med den CO2 vi indfanger
https://videnskab.dk/teknologi/hvad-goer-vi-med-den-co2-vi-fanger/
Vi sender noget af den tilbage til oliefelterne vi har tømt i de danske farvande. Kilde: Royalt halløj
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6: Tysklands største Hydrogen fabrik:
Germany's largest commercial renewable hydrogen factory is the 10 MW plant in Schwäbisch Gmünd, opened by Lhyfe in October 2025. The facility can produce up to 4 tons of renewable hydrogen per day and is Lhyfe's largest outside of France. While it's the largest operational commercial plant, there are larger-scale projects planned for the future in Germany, such as a 130 MW plant planned for Prenzlau by ENERTRAG.
https://engineerine.com/largest-green-hydrogen-plant/
https://www.lhyfe.com/press/lhyfe-inaugurates-germanys-largest-commercial-renewable-hydrogen-production-site-in-baden-wurttemberg-to-distribute-rfnbo-certified-hydrogen-to-a-range-of-players/
A green hydrogen factory is good for the climate because it can be produced using renewable energy, with zero greenhouse gas emissions, and can replace fossil fuels in sectors that are hard to electrify, like heavy industry. When used in a fuel cell, hydrogen only releases water vapor and warm air, making it a clean energy carrier that can also store and deliver renewable energy.
#
Hydrogen Fuel Cell makes electricity directly. They also produce water vapor, heat and, depending on the fuel source, very small amounts of nitrogen dioxide and other emissions.
-------------------------
7: Kelp farming in Norway
https://www.dnv.com/news/2024/new-seaweed-farm-off-the-norwegian-coast-seeks-to-remove-co2-from-the-atmosphere-252006/
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8: State of Climate Action 2025:
https://www.wri.org/research/state-climate-action-2025
" It finds that recent progress toward 1.5°C-aligned targets has largely failed to materialize at the required pace and scale and highlights where action must accelerate this decade to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, scale up carbon removal and increase climate finance."
" Although more than three-quarters of indicators are heading in the right direction, progress is alarmingly inadequate, exposing communities, economies and ecosystems to unacceptable risks. Global efforts across 29 indicators are “well off track,” such that at least a twofold—and for most, more than a fourfold—acceleration will be required this decade to keep the 1.5°C limit within reach. "

Getting on track for 2030 and staying on track for 2035 demands an enormous acceleration of efforts across every sector. The world must, for example:
Phase out coal more than ten times faster — equivalent to retiring nearly 360 average-sized coal-fired power plants each year and halting all projects in the pipeline.
Reduce deforestation nine times faster. Current levels are far too high — roughly equivalent to permanently losing nearly 22 football (soccer) fields of forest every minute in 2024.
Expand rapid transit networks five times faster — equivalent to building at least 1,400 km (870 miles) of light rail, metro and bus lanes annually.
Lower consumption of beef, lamb and goat meat in high-consuming regions five times faster — equivalent to reducing consumption by 2 or fewer servings per week in North and South America, Australia and New Zealand.
Scale technological carbon dioxide removal more than ten times faster — equivalent to building nine of the largest direct air capture facilities currently under construction each month.
Increase climate finance by nearly $1 trillion annually — equivalent to roughly two-thirds of public fossil fuel finance in 2023.

Idag tager vi et langt og “unscripted” tilløb til lidt om kometer, som var det vi egentlig havde forberedt. Men vi kom igang ude på et helt andet spor. Så hvis du sidder og KUN er interesseret i det om kometer, så kan du skippe frem til 33:50, hvor vi kommer ind på kometer på nattehimlen.
Inden da taler vi om Karina’s ansøgning om tysk statsborgerskab, de oplysninger myndighederne kræver, hvor mon disse oplysninger ender henne? - og vi kommer ind på Deep State og masseovervågning i det hele taget.
Her er Karinas forberedte noter til dagens afsnit: